Tag: Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Understanding Intermittent Hormone Therapy For #ProstateCancer

On By DanIn Hormone Therapy, Prostate Cancer1 Comment

Here’s another informative video about hormone therapy from the Prostate Cancer Research Institute. It answered some of the questions that I had from the previous video. Specifically:

  • Participants in the study were not on continuous hormone therapy as I wrongly inferred from the summary.
  • It is possible to do PSMA PET scans while on a break from hormone therapy if the PSA rises to detectable levels (>1.0 ng/mL).
  • Time to the cancer becoming resistant to the intermittent combination hormone therapy if started in a timely manner can be up to 17 to 18 years.

PCRI Video: Combining First and Second Generation ADT

On By DanIn Hormone Therapy, Prostate Cancer1 Comment

Another timely video from the Prostate Cancer Research Institute talking about the recent EMBARK study that examines combination ADT + enzalutamide therapy versus Lupron alone or enzalutamide alone. (The study was funded by Pfizer and Astellas Pharma, the manufacturers of enzalutamide.)

There were 1,068 patients divided into three groups that were followed for five years. The groups were combination therapy (leuprolide + enzalutamide); leuprolide alone; and enzalutamide alone. The metastasis-free survival rate for each group:

  • Combination therapy: 87.3%
  • Leuprolide alone: 71.4%
  • Enzalutamide alone: 80.0%

One thing the study summary doesn’t address is whether combination therapy accelerates or delays the cancer developing a resistance to ADT. That would be interesting to know. While it doesn’t explicitly say in the summary, it appears that the patients were on the treatments continuously for the five years.

This is something that’s been added to my list of discussion points for my visit with the medical oncologist on 19 March.

Treating Lymph Node #ProstateCancer Metastases | MarkScholzMD

On By DanIn Prostate CancerLeave a comment

Here’s another timely (for me) and educational video from Dr. Scholz and the Prostate Cancer Research Institute.

I have an appointment with the medical oncologist on 19 March, and this has given me a good foundation for the discussion.

Month 159 – Meeting with Urologist

On By DanIn Hormone Therapy, Prostate Cancer, Radiation Therapy, Recurrence3 Comments

Today’s meeting with the urologist went about as I expected it would. In a nutshell, we agreed to punt for another three months and see where we’re at with a new PSA test at that time.

We talked about the clean PSMA PET scan results and the fact that we remain in this inconclusive gray area right now that doesn’t bode well for making decisions about the next steps. He did suggest that I could start ADT now if I wanted to do so, and he debated about whether it would be appropriate to start ADT with abiraterone. He leaned toward just starting without abiraterone if ADT is what I wanted to do, but I also sensed that he felt no need to rush into this given the negative scan results.

One interesting comment that he made (and I wish I had taken better notes) was along the lines of ADT alone has not been shown to extend life expectancy. The unsaid implication was, “Why go through the side effects of ADT now if studies show there’s no discernable difference in the outcome?” That’s something that I need to dig into a little more.

One interesting thing that’s popped up in my conversations with others in prostate cancer forums or here is testosterone level testing. In all my years of being treated, my testosterone level has never been tested, so we talked about that. It’s something that we can do just prior to starting ADT to establish a baseline reference point.

I mentioned my email conversation with the radiation oncologist, and talked about the possibility of zapping a lesion should it show up on a PSMA PET scan in the future. The urologist seemed a bit indifferent to that approach (probably an occupational hazard).

During the conversation, I mentioned that my PSA doubling time using the last four values was at just over six months, and he commented that that was “not insignificant.”

We did discuss whether there was value in knowing where the cancer was located at this point, or to just know that the cancer is somewhere and proceed with systemic treatment without knowing its location. My concern is that starting ADT would make finding the location next to impossible on a PSMA PET scan if my PSA is knocked down to near zero.

He kept using the term “metastatic” throughout the conversation which, I suppose, is technically correct. If the cancer is someplace other than where it started, it’s metastatic. But I’ve also learned that there is a lot of gray area in the prostate cancer world when it comes to classifying how and what your cancer is.

I also asked for a consult with a medical oncologist to get his/her insights on where I’m at and what should be done next and he was going to put that request in for the consult.

I have a three-month follow-up appointment and PSA test scheduled for 14 May 2024, so the saga continues.

About an hour after I returned home from my appointment, the PCRI posted this very timely video on micro-metastatic prostate cancer.

I’ll probably publish this video as a stand-alone post so it’s easier to find.

Header Image: La Jolla Shoreline, La Jolla, California

Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Prostate Cancer

On By DanIn Prostate Cancer6 Comments

With androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) a near certainty in my future, I’ve been trying to get smarter about it. In my research, I came across this video from Dr. Eric Small at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), that gives an introductory overview of ADT.

If you’re not familiar with some of the lingo and drug names, it may be like taking a sip of water from a fire hose, but Dr. Small gets the concepts across pretty clearly.

After watching the video, my pea-sized brain came up with what may be an oversimplified, imperfect analogy that may make Dr. Small cringe. (I’m happy to be corrected if this analogy is out to lunch!)

We know that prostate cancer needs testosterone to survive and grow, and the testes and adrenal glands both produce testosterone. So how do we cut off the supply of testosterone from those two sources to the cancer cells?

Imagine that the cancer is your backyard swimming pool (even a kiddie pool). Pools (cancer cells) need water (testosterone) to do what they do best. Your testes are one hose that fills the pool, and your adrenal glands are the second hose that fills the pool.

If we don’t want water (testosterone) in the pool (cancer), we shut off the spigots on the hoses to stop the flow. To turn off the spigot from the testes, we use one set of drugs (Lupron, Eligard, Zoladex, Firmagon, or Orgovyx). To turn off the spigot from the adrenal glands, we use a different drug, Abiraterone.

But there’s another way to stop the pool from getting water, and that’s to place a watertight cover over the top of it. That’s what the antiandrogen drugs do—they cover the pool and stop the water from getting in. These drugs are Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide, Enzalutamide, Apalutamide, or Darolutamide.

ADT blocks the production of testosterone and antiandrogen drugs prevent the cancer cells from receiving the testosterone.

I’m sure more research is in my future, and I’ll be certain to share what I learn. In the meantime, don’t giggle too much at my analogy.

Day 4,782 – Doctor Discussions

On By DanIn imaging, Prostate Cancer7 Comments

I’ve had conversations with my radiation oncologist and my urologist this week.

UCSD Radiation Oncologist Discussion

The conversation with the RO was via email, which was fine by me. I’m thankful he takes the time to get back to me. In a nutshell, he said:

  • We’re on the verge of needing to do a PSMA PET scan.
  • We should get the PSMA PET scan before any ADT.1
  • If PSMA PET shows limited site(s) of recurrence, SBRT radiation may be an option to “ablate the larger cancer deposit and work in concert with ADT.”

His recommendation was to get the PSMA PET scan now or to wait one month until early January 2024 and take another PSA test. If it remains steady, “we are good,” but if PSA rises again, it would be time for a PSMA PET scan.

I’ll let him know it took me two months to get my first PSMA PET scan at UCLA after speaking to the scheduling office, so getting it “now” may not be an option.

One other thing I need to nail down is where I can get the scan done again. When I had it in November 2021, the only two facilities in the U.S. that were approved to do the scan were UCLA and UCSF. Since then, far more facilities are capable of doing it, I believe including UCSD.

VA Urologist Discussion

Preparing for the meeting today, I put together an outline of things I wanted to discuss:

  • PSMA PET Scan
    • If the VA would cover the cost this time.
    • If there’s a difference in the tracers used (Ga-68 versus PYLARIFY® (piflufolastat F 18)
  • ADT and the timing
  • Whether they prefer a sequential or combination approach (e.g., include chemotherapy with ADT).
  • Getting a medical oncologist who specializes in prostate cancer involved in the case.

But once I got there, I was definitely off my A-game for some reason, and the conversation was one of the weirder, more disjointed conversations that I’ve had with a VA urologist.

First, he was a new (to me) urologist and he entered the exam room a bit like a bull in a China shop. He didn’t introduce himself and just started out with, “I looked at your PSA and read your email. What questions do you have for me?” Not even so much as a, “Sorry to see your PSA increase after SRT.” That threw me off right there.

It was a bumpy conversation, but we eventually talked about most everything on my list. I’ll save the bit about the scan for last.

Interestingly, he seemed to downplay spot radiation if lesions are found during a scan and was more focused on starting androgen deprivation therapy as the next course of treatment. But he wouldn’t start it until after a scan was completed. He did say under certain specific circumstances, spot radiation may be helpful.

In the discussion about sequential versus combination treatments, he said that they would do a combination. I asked if it would be ADT and chemotherapy, and he said no. It would be ADT and antiandrogen therapy in combination using Eligard for the ADT and one of the following:

I asked about chemotherapy with ADT, and he said that the antiandrogens have taken the place of Docetaxel (Taxotere), which I thought was an odd statement from my limited knowledge. I believe that Taxotere is still very much a treatment option used later in the progression of the cancer. I need to dig into that more.

Concerning shifting my case to a medical oncologist (MO), he said that would happen on its own, as he wasn’t allowed to prescribe the antiandrogen drugs. The MO would also know how to better manage the side effects of the combined therapies.

Now, for the kicker part of the conversation…

He agreed that a PSMA PET scan was the best way forward but—and even he disagreed with this—the VA protocol is to have a bone scan first. The protocol said that, if a bone scan was negative, then a PSMA PET scan could be authorized.

He assured me that, at my PSA level of 0.33 ng/mL, the bone scan would, in fact, be negative. (Doing a quick Dr. Google search, it appears that bone scans start to pick up lesions when the PSA is over 20 ng/mL. Yep, 0.33 vs. 20.

So getting my soapbox and editorializing a bit here… It makes zero sense to get a bone scan in my present circumstances. None. The VA can be very slow to catch up with the times in certain circumstances, and this happens to be one of those times. It just seems to be a waste of time and resources when we already know that the bone scan isn’t sensitive enough to pick up anything at my PSA level. But I’m not sure I’m up for “fighting city hall” to try and get the PSMA PET scan out of the gate.

On a positive note, the VA apparently can now do the PSMA PET scan according to the doctor.

I have to admit that I’m toying with the idea of using my Medicare coverage and going outside the VA for the PSMA PET scan and skipping the VA bone scan altogether. I need to dig into that and see how that would work and how quickly that could happen.

I just want to make sure that I’m not shooting myself in the foot in the process—the VA has to authorize community care in advance for them to continue to cover the costs. I don’t want them to say, “Hey, you chose to go outside the VA system, so now you can pay for all the tests and drugs.” I know Medicare would pick up a good chunk of the costs, but I may be on the hook for more than I bargained for.

The urologist thought the bone scan could be scheduled pretty quickly and, if that’s the case, that may put me closer to a PSMA PET scan faster than if I try to go outside the VA and create new relationships with new providers (although I think my radiation oncologist at UCSD may be able to assist me in ordering one and getting it scheduled).

We ended the conversation with him saying that we’ll do another PSA test in three months. That surprised me a bit given its rapid rise over five weeks. “We know it’s going to increase,” he said, but he did offer to retest in six to eight weeks. I don’t think we ever landed on a firm answer, so I need to chase that down.

In a way, though, it’s probably more important to get the scan(s) done first, and tracking the PSA is secondary to that. Does it really matter if we retest PSA in eight weeks versus twelve weeks? I doubt it.

I left the meeting without:

  • A date to have the bone scan.
  • A follow-up date with the urologist (dependent on scan results).
  • A date for the next PSA test.

Sounds like a productive meeting to me. 😂

One other thing that happened today, which was quite unusual for me, was that I was far more nervous going into it than I should have been. I don’t know what was up with that. I had difficulty articulating my thoughts, and my hand was shaking ever so slightly as I was taking notes. That freaked me out even more. I guess the emotions associated with this new chapter have been a bit more than I expected.

When the meeting was over, I sat in the waiting area for a good ten minutes to just decompress and to scribble down a few more notes while the conversation was fresh in my mind.

Once I calmed down, I went to the Nuclear Medicine department to try to schedule the bone scan, but the scheduler was away and the guy staffing the desk wasn’t familiar with the process. I’ll be back there tomorrow morning for another test2, so I can try scheduling again when I’m there tomorrow.

I’ll keep you posted.

  1. This aligns with what Dr. Scholz says in this video. Taking ADT before the scan may reduce the size of the cancer to the point where the scan can’t pick it up. https://youtu.be/CBILHS0FJfk?si=zaoHCOkm-mWOmdyz&t=525 ↩︎

Month 147 – Delayed Reactions?

On By DanIn Prostate Cancer, Radiation Proctitis, Side Effects14 Comments

It’s hard to believe that it’s been over five months since I wrapped up my salvage radiation therapy (SRT) and concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). For the most part, things have been good, but two things have popped up along the way. One insignificant, the other has me wondering what the future will hold.

Where Oh Where is My Body Hair?

The first seems to be a delayed reaction of the ADT/hormone therapy which was administered nine months ago on 3 May 2022. It seems the loss of testosterone is taking a toll on my body hair.

Maybe this has been going on for a while and I just now noticed it (I mean, really, who monitors the status of their body hair on a regular basis???).

I wasn’t a very hirsute guy to begin with, but I noticed in the shower the other day that what little chest hair that I did have has been diminished by at least half to two-thirds. A little oddball patch of hair on my back right below my collar line is now pretty much gone, and let’s just say that there’s less hair in a few places further south.

Is it a big deal? Of course not. Just superficial, but I find it interesting that it appears to be happening so long after the Eligard injection. Maybe that’s normal for ADT. I’m not going to worry about it (unless my beard starts falling out, then I may be a little concerned).

GI Changes?

The second issue has to deal with what I’ll probably imprecisely call gastrointestinal changes or perhaps a prelude to the thing I dreaded most: radiation proctitis. Whether they’re related to the radiation therapy or not, I don’t know yet. I thought radiation proctitis took longer to take root, but I could be wrong.

I haven’t changed my diet much compared to pre- and post-radiation, so I don’t think it’s diet causing these issues. (Although I did buy a bag of pistachios recently and, with hindsight, they may have aggravated them.)

Pre-radiation, I was a pretty regular guy when it came to bowel movements. Once in the morning and I was good until the next morning. Now, five months after radiation, I’m noticing that I’m having two to four bowel movements a day about a third to half of the days. Some of those extra bowel movements come on with some urgency. So far, it’s not been an issue or caused an accident, but it does raise some concern as to what it may be like a year or two from now if it is, in fact, related to the radiation therapy.

The other GI issue that has popped up is that I seem to have more intestinal gas than I used to. (And, no, it’s not related to San Diego’s wonderful Mexican cuisine!)

The thing that concerns me about being so gassy is the fact that, when I pass gas, it comes out with less effort than it used to. In fact, sometimes, it almost just slips out and I have to wonder if it’s going to be only gas that comes out, and nothing extra (fart vs. shart). My concern is about rectal control over the long term if I’m experiencing something like this now. Again, something to monitor (you know me—I’ve started a tracking spreadsheet) and discuss with the doctor.

What’s Next?

My last PSA test was on 1 November, and we agreed to check it again in March, so I’ll figure out a date to hit the lab for the bloodwork. You may recall that post-radiation PSAs taken in September and November both came in at 0.05 ng/mL, so we’ll it will be interesting to see if it goes down, stays the same, or goes up again. Any wagers???

I should be meeting with the radiation oncologist again in May for my six-month follow-up from the last meeting.

That’s a Wrap

That’s about it for this month. You may recall that last month, I spent my birthday in Death Valley National Park. After visiting there, I headed over to Zion National Park for a short visit. You can check it out by clicking HERE.

Header Image: Canyon in Zion National Park along the Virgin River

Month 142 – Two Weeks After SRT Ended

On By DanIn Prostate Cancer5 Comments

After a hectic summer, it’s about time that I get back on my regular posting schedule of at least one post a month on the 11th of each month.

There’s good news and there’s less good news.

The good news: On the fatigue front, that’s been slowly but surely abating and my energy levels are improving steadily. I still have my moments, but it’s much better than it used to be. I expect that my energy levels will be back to pre-radiation therapy levels by the end of next week at the rate they’re going. Also decreasing are the number of trips to the toilet during both the day and night (about 2-3 trips each night). Hopefully, there’s still room for improvement there.

The less good news: The pain in my back, unfortunately, has intensified. Initially, it was a low-grade ache with occasional spikes in pain if I moved in an unexpected way. Now, it’s really become a more constant and prevalent ache, and it takes even less movement to set off a spike in pain. I’m guessing that’s related more to the ADT than anything else, and I’m trying to get some answers from my medical team.

Barring any hiccups, my plan is to get my blood drawn for my first PSA test during ADT and after SRT on Tuesday, 13 September. It’s probably premature (but that’s what the urologist ordered), and I have no idea what to expect. The ADT has had four and a half months to do something to my PSA, but the SRT has had only two weeks. Anyone care to guess?

As a refresher, my PSA was 0.36 ng/ml on 18 April 2022; the ADT was administered on 3 May 2022; and SRT ran 7 July – 26 August 2022. I’ll post the results as soon as I have access to them.

I have my follow-up appointment with the urologist on Tuesday, 20 September, and I just remembered that I need to call the radiation oncologist’s office to get on their schedule for late November or early December.

Be well!

Header Image: Oak Creek near Sedona, Arizona

Day 4,273 – Fatigue Fatigue?

On By DanIn Prostate Cancer, Radiation Therapy13 Comments

Okay. If this keeps up or gets worse, the fun will definitely be over. <sarcasm font>

Friday’s zapping session went amazingly well. From the time I closed my garage door, drove to the facility, got zapped, drove home, and opened the garage door it was 27 minutes. Total. We’re in the groove.

The kicker came in the afternoon.

My energy level just dropped to near zero and I went into a Rip van Winkle-like sleep for the whole afternoon. Not good. Even after the long nap, I was still pretty lethargic in the evening.

This morning (Saturday) was a different story. I was pretty energetic and worked on organizing my home office up until about noon. But about an hour into it, my energy level hit a brick wall and I was horizontal on the sofa again for a nap that lasted about ninety minutes.

The nap gave me a second wind of energy, but just a few short hours later around 6:30 p.m., I was dragging anchor again. (I’m powering through it right now as I write this so I’m not up all night because I napped this evening.)

I’m sure it’s a combination of the hormone therapy (started twelve weeks ago), the radiation, and the fact that I’m running to the toilet two to four times a night that’s causing all this. I’ve even started going to bed about two hours earlier than normal to try and make up for the sleep deficit through the night.

So, yes, I’m fatigued by the fatigue. I won’t say it’s incapacitating because I have pushed myself through a few low-energy sessions, but it is having an impact on my routine. I can only imagine what it will be like in three to five weeks if it keeps up like this. Sheesh! But, on the positive side: No hot flashes!

Monday’s session will be the one-third mark for the treatment. I guess that’s something to celebrate.

Be well!

Month 139 – Eligard Side Effects

On By DanIn Prostate Cancer, Radiation Therapy, Side Effects10 Comments

It’s been almost six weeks since my very first Eligard injection on 3 May 2022, and it appears that some of the side effects are kicking in. There are also some other things that I’m experiencing that I’m questioning. But first, a little detour…

I just returned from a monster 16-day, 5,357 mile / 8,621 km road trip from San Diego to Chicago and back. Each Memorial Day weekend, my sister and her family gather at a small lakeside resort in southern Illinois, along with a few mutual friends and their families. As I hadn’t seen some of my family members in four or five years, I decided it was time to return.

Not knowing what the side effects from the upcoming radiation and hormone therapy will be, I decided to have one last giant road trip fling for what may be the next year or so. If it works out that I can travel again this autumn, great. But I just didn’t want to leave things to chance.

[The photo above is Trout Lake in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado.]

Now back to Eligard side effects…

Fatigue is the most prominent side effect. I’m constantly tired to varying degrees, and there are times where I just push through it and there are times where I simply give in and take a nap. Thankfully, these really didn’t start kicking in until the tail end of my road trip on my return to San Diego.

I’ve also noticed a slight increase in the number of trips I make to the toilet in the night. The last six to nine months, things had settled down to where I could sleep through the night or make one trip. Now, though, I’m in the one to three trips per night range, with one night being four trips. That certainly doesn’t help with the fatigue.

On the positive side, hot flashes have not kicked in yet. That’s great because things are beginning to heat up for the summer here in San Diego and the last thing I need are hot flashes when it’s 90°+ F / 32°+ C outside.

There are two other things that I wasn’t sure if they’re related to the Eligard or not.

First, I’ve had a dull ache in my groin and testicles and, second, I’ve had this general, low-grade musculoskeletal ache in the right side of my torso. Both seemed to kick in on my return to San Diego.

I emailed these symptoms to my urologist, asking if they could be caused by the Eligard, and she didn’t seem to think so. She ordered an ultrasound of my testicles to see what may be happening there (scheduled for Tuesday), and referred me to my primary care physician about the ache in the torso. She didn’t see any reason why either should delay the salvage radiation therapy (mapping scheduled for Thursday).

My biggest concern about the mapping on Thursday is the timing of filling my bladder and being able to hold it during the process. Often, when my bladder is really full, there’s a strong sense of urgency to empty it, and there’s little time for error.

That’s about it for now. More to come after the mapping and, as soon as I figure out why Adobe Lightroom (photo editing software) is acting up on my computer, I’ll get my travel blog updated with my trip’s photos.

Be well!